Basic Digital Electronics Tutors
These Digital Tutors are interactive and started with very basic JavaScript and CSS. You can operate the controls and see the Truth Table and Results in LED Displays.
Logic Probes for Digital Testing
Digital Test and Measurement Starts with Logic Probe – Any point in a Digital Circuit can be High, Low, Float means TriState.
Electronics Today Magazine
Electronics Today International or ETI was a magazine for electronics hobbyists and professionals. Originally started in Australia in April 1971, ETI was published in the UK in 1972.
Electronics Handbook
Electronics Handbook thinks of you who dig electronics as the last of a special breed. It’s more than Just the “do-t-yourself’ angle — It’s also the spirit of adventure.
Mains Transformers Types
Low Frequency Power Transformers are used to step down mains voltage of 230V or 110V to safer voltages like 12V and 6V.
RCA Hobby Circuits Manual
This Manual presents many practical and useful solid-state circuits which can be built by electronics hobbyists ranging from beginners to experts.
Low Cost AM FM Stereo Receiver
FM stereo demodulation is accomplished by the use of the LM1800 phase locked loop, thereby eliminating the need for external coils. The AM function of the receiver is done completely with the LM3820 AM radio system. While designed for 3 section tuned superheterodyne application.The LM382 dual preamplifier was selected for its minimum parts count and low noise capability.
DMM with ICL7103A and ICL8052A
The purpose of this application note is to describe the operation and potential pitfalls of a 10V resolution (VREF = 100mV) 4 1/2 digit autoranging scheme using the ICL7103A/ICL8052A pair. Two auto-ranging circuits are included within the text. Each is discussed in terms of its advantages and disadvantages.
Battery Operated Auto Ranging DVM
This application note describes a technique for auto-ranging a battery operated DVM suitable for panel meter applications. Also, circuit ideas will be presented for conductance and resistance measurement, 9V battery and 5V supply operations, and current measurement.
ATmega328 Single Board Computer SBC
The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, 3 flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter...
Universal Signal Conditioning
Here is a practical application of the dual differential amp. This circuit is for DC or slow moving DC like Strain Gauge and transducer signals. The RC and Zeners are for protection and clamping. Why and how has been described in other posts here. The high impedance op-amp input cannot face the real world unprotected. OP07 is always the selection due to the low offset. When the sensor generates data in mV, you cannot afford any error introduced in this front end, right.
LM331 A to D Mux Input Switch
This is the full circuit of a V/F convertor interface for 80C31 SBC. The Mux is configured for selecting between two inputs. It uses analog switch 4066. LF353 along with LM331 form the VCO, you can further study such configuration in the Application Notes of TI/NS.
Two Stage Sequential Timer
This is an example of a cascaded or sequential timer, here two CD4541 are forming a two stage timer. You can add more in a chain, but better to use a microprocessor or Microcontroller for such a purpose. But make sure EMI-RFI immunity is high for these circuits or wrong resets and sets can make a machine like an Oven or Environment Chamber malfunction and even ruin the job.
Analog Blind Dial On Delay Timer
It is called analog dial timer as it has no digital display, but the chip is digital it is CD4541. It is Mains operated, you could make on-delay or off-delay. By changing the caps and resistors or with even dip-switches you could get timing of few seconds to many hours.
Battery Level Indicator
Battery level voltage measurement is best done with a dummy load. This circuit has four LEDs to show the charge left. It is important to avoid overcharge or deep discharge of rechargeable batteries. Never try recharging normal batteries. Using rechargeable batteries are good for the environment.
16 Channel Analog Multiplexer
This circuit is built around the chip CD4067, now called 74HC4067, it works like a single pole 16 throw rotary switch that can be controlled digitally. Clamping protection diodes are built in. Use resistors to enable this protection. 16 Analog channels are controlled by a Digital User Interface circuit made of 4093 and 4029. Up/Down and Auto/Man are four Push-buttons. A LED Display to show the Channel Number that is selected.
Synchronized Sample and Hold
This circuit has two analog mux 4051 operating in synchrony to store an analog value in a low leakage tantalum capacitor. This makes an Analog Memory possible and overall system accuracy of around 2%, which was more than adequate for this process. The analog value from a temperature transmitter is available for a short duration when it is collected from a rotating system with copper brushes and contacts on the shaft.
Digital Control for Analog Mux
A single Voltmeter or Digital Panel Meter DPM can monitor 8 Analog inputs from sensors or potentiometers using a Mux chip and creating simple digital controls for that. Four pushbuttons on the front panel control the scanner. One 4051 is used to multiplex 8 trimpots that hold the Analog Alarm Settings. The channel number in BCD is translated to a LED channel Display with a 4511 chip.
Timer and Counter Module
A digital counter monitors the number of times a process goes beyond a certain temperature limit over a long cycle of time. This circuit has a Analog Timer and Digital Counter. The Analog timer turns on an Alarm if the Temperature Limit transition is very long. U1 CD4541 is a Timer with Long Duration Ability. This timer is started by a low pulse from earlier circuit, when the temperature goes above setpoint, a low state is at U2A inputs, this starts the timer.
Pt-100 RTD Four Point Alarm
Four points in a Closed Loop Temperature Control System is Monitored and a Alarm set to go off when the temperature goes beyond the set limit. Here 4052 is used as an analog multiplexer, U3A TL062 opamp is wired as a 1mA Constant Current Source. It pumps 1mA into U2 4052 pin 13 X . Depending on BCD code on inputs A, B of 4052.