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The Prototino is an Arduino clone with a built in prototyping area. Designed to make a permanent version of your project once you have perfected it on a breadboard but without the expense of embedding your original Arduino into your project.

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Steve Hoefer, the main brain behind Grathio Labs. A freelance problem solver and writer. Active in the Open Source software and hardware.

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This is part of a precision High Voltage but Low current Power Supply for Testing leakage currents in passive devices.

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LM399 is a Precision Reference chip. From this a dual polarity mirrored reference is derived using OP07 op-amps. This assembly is mounted in a miniature oven to ensure temperature stability.

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The Gadget Jot-a-Note which was has been modified for Cookies Data Storage. Now it has Sticky Notes, Clock and Calculator.

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Resistors start from Wires to Wirewound Types. Carbon Film Resistors are most Common, Metal Film Resistors are more stable and accurate.

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A long, long time ago a bright ape figured out that by climbing down from the trees he could more easily master his life, and that of others……Homo sapiens wanted something else, and better.

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Running LED, Random Results, Decade Counter and Clock. Weigh the Pros-n-Cons, Take a Balanced Decision with the Blue Toss Widget.

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This is a Tiny memo Pad that will have Sticky Notes on Webpage, saves in cookies. This Web Gadget was for the Homepage, Web-page or blog.

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A single Voltmeter or Digital Panel Meter DPM can monitor 8 Analog inputs from sensors or potentiometers using a Mux chip and creating simple digital controls for that.

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This widget is to Inspire you or remind you of the traditional Digital Seven (7) Segment Clock. The javascript is as close as possible to a c program that you could write for a PIC processor, So then try and make a gadget which is 3D, using PIC or 8051.

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This is a continuation of the previous two circuits. This circuit controls the temperature in a miniature oven that holds a stable dual voltage reference.

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This is a simple toy that has many applications. Any object that breaks a light beam will trigger a relay to on condition for a period of time.

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Here is a practical application of the dual differential amp. This circuit is for DC or slow moving DC like Strain Gauge and transducer signals.

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Selecting the parts for your product design, choosing the components intelligently is a part of Product Design Engineering. Budget, Availability, Size, Alternate Vendors, Product Life and Quantity to be manufactured are some factors that determine the selection by a prudent and experienced design professional.

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When you wish to Interface an Embedded System to your computer, you will need a Terminal Emulation Software to communicate with the device over the serial port.

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Power Supplies and SMPS, Transformers, Drive circuits for Motors, Heaters and Solenoids are all Power Electronics. Thyristors, Mosfets and High Power Transistors are important components used in these circuits.

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This circuit is built around the chip CD4067, now called 74HC4067, it works like a single pole 16 throw rotary switch that can be controlled digitally.

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An Embedded Microcontroller or DSP system is made of Chips, Circuits and Firmware. The digital voltage levels, speed, bus width, fan out, power consumption are some factors that a designer has to keep in mind.

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Keith S. Rucker has provided full plans for a Mechanical Workbench. Electronic Enthusiasts will need such benches when they work with industrial robots or manufacturing machines.

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