Earth leakage currents arise mainly from the EMC filters built into electronic equipment with switched mode power supplies. Standards limit the leakage current from non-fixed equipment (i.e. equipment that plugs into a standard socket outlet) to less than 3.5 mA. When a lot of electronic equipment is in use, the total leakage current in the protective conductor can become significant.

Earthing Practice by Trevor Charlton

  • Methods of Earthing
  • Earth Conductors
  • Electrical interference
  • Lightning Protection
Power Quality and Utilisation Guide The PQ E-library is a collection of electronic technical reference documents covering introduction, costs, harmonics, resilience, voltage disturbances, earthing, energy efficiency and renewables/distributed generation. See also - Power Quality Copper Development Association
  • Educational Resources
  • Computers cannot work without copper
  • Electricity in buildings

Copper Development Association Website for information on Copper and Copper Alloys Copper Development Association - Resource Library Copper Development Association provides a range of resources in support of the correct and efficient use of copper and copper alloys for major applications.

Power Electronics & Solar Energy

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