This is yet another Application Note of Exar found in- "Applications Data Book" June 1981. The availability of low cost dual or quad operational amplifier IC's have made the operational amplifier based active filter techniques cost effective over conventional passive filters.

The recent availability of programmable quad operational amplifiers such as the XR-4202 or the XR-346 have provided the active filter designer with the flexibility to externally program gain-bandwidth product, supply current, input bias current, input offset current, input noise and the slew rate.

Temperature Sensors like Thermocouples need cold junction compensation as a part of front end signal conditioning, this is done at the terminal block where the Thermocouple wires are terminated. This design has to be more accurate and broad, if the design we make has to work well in both Tropical and Temperate Climate Zones.

Another Method using a Copper Resistor

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This pair is my favorite when driving small solenoids or motors. SOT-32 and 12 Watts on Heatsink. This means any small solenoid, relay or DC motor can be controlled with this. I would use it upto 24V DC and max of 1A for applications of full on and full off. The pair is complementary NPN and PNP and well matched, this makes it suitable for the push-pull final stages of mini amps or small motor drivers.